Introduction

• What is Clinical Nutrition?
• Foundations of Clinical Nutrition
• The importance of Clinical Nutrition

 Section 1: Nutrients

Chapter 1 — Macronutrients

First: Carbohydrates

• What are carbohydrates?
• What are the types of carbohydrates?
• Differences between carbohydrate types
• Sources of carbohydrates
• Recommended daily carbohydrate allowance
• Key benefits of carbohydrates
• Carbohydrates and the Glycemic Index
• How to choose quality carbohydrates
• Medical conditions affecting carbohydrate digestion

Second: Protein

• Definition of protein
• Protein structure
• Essential amino acids and their benefits
• Non-essential amino acids and their benefits
• Benefits of protein
• Dietary sources of protein
• Protein supplements
• Recommended daily protein intake
• Risks of excessive protein intake
• High-protein diets

Third: Fats

• Definition of fats
• Physiological functions of fats
• Types of fats: saturated, unsaturated, trans
• Differences between saturated and unsaturated fats
• Fatty acids and their roles

Chapter 2 — Micronutrients

First: Vitamins

• Definition and classification of vitamins
• Water-soluble vitamins: Vitamin C (Ascorbic Acid), B1 (Thiamine), B2 (Riboflavin), B3 (Niacin), B5 (Pantothenic Acid), B6 (Pyridoxine), B7 (Biotin), B9 (Folate), B12 (Cobalamin)
• Fat-soluble vitamins: A, D, E, K (K1/K2/K3)

Second: Minerals

• Iron, Copper, Zinc, Magnesium, Manganese, Iodine
• Potassium, Calcium, Sodium, Phosphorus

 Section 2: Endocrine Glands & Hormones

• Endocrine glands secreting hormones: Hypothalamus, Pancreas, Thymus, Adrenals, Pituitary, Thyroid, Pineal, Parathyroids
• Types of hormones and their body functions

 Section 3: Body Physiology

Chapter 1 — Body Fat

• Types of body fat: subcutaneous, brown, white, beige, essential, visceral

Chapter 2 — Muscles

• Muscle types: cardiac, skeletal, smooth
• White (fast-twitch) vs red (slow-twitch) muscle fibers
• Main functions of muscles

 Section 4: Food Exchange System

• Bread & starches group
• Lean meats group
• Fats group
• Vegetables group
• Fruits group
• Fat-free milk group

 Section 5: Calorie Tables

• Protein foods
• Nuts
• Dairy products
• Seafood
• Starches & legumes
• Fruits
• Juices
• Vegetables

 Section 6: Key Equations

• BMI — Body Mass Index
• IBW — Ideal Body Weight
• AJBW — Adjusted Body Weight
• BMR — Basal Metabolic Rate
• Daily water requirement

 Section 7: Clinical Nutrition Applications

Chapter 1 — Obesity

• Grades of obesity
• Causes of obesity
• Diagnosis of obesity
• Complications of obesity
• Types of obesity

Chapter 2 — Dietary Patterns

• Mediterranean • DASH • Flexitarian • MIND • TLC • Mayo Clinic • Volumetrics • Weight Watchers
• Keto • Paleo • Atkins • Endomorph • Carnivore • PSMF • Carb Cycling • Intermittent Fasting

Chapter 3 — Underweight

• Causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and healthy management

Chapter 4 — Pregnancy Nutrition

• Importance of good nutrition during pregnancy
• Weight gain targets & impact of obesity
• Nutrient requirements
• Recommended vs restricted foods
• Supplements
• Food safety
• FAQs & common myths

Chapter 5 — Lactation Nutrition

• Extra calorie needs
• Recommended foods & fluids
• Plant-based considerations
• Foods & drinks to avoid

Chapter 6 — Pediatric Nutrition

• Nutrient-dense choices & limiting empty calories
• Daily intake guidance by age & sex

Chapter 7 — Sports Nutrition

• Importance of healthy eating for athletes
• Core nutrients and suitable foods
• Pre/intra/post-workout guidelines
• Muscle-building supplements
• Strength vs endurance sports
• Bulking vs cutting
• Recovery nutrition

Chapter 8 — Medical Nutrition Therapy (By Disease)

• Diabetes: types; recommended & restricted foods
• Insulin resistance: symptoms, causes, diagnosis, treatment, prevention
• Hypertension: DASH & low-sodium plans
• Liver diseases: hepatitis, cirrhosis, failure, transplant, NAFLD
• IBS: diet approach; recommended & restricted foods
• Cardiovascular diseases
• Renal diseases
• Cancer patients during chemotherapy

Chapter 9 — Practical Applications

• Body composition analysis (InBody)
• Body-contouring/spot-fat devices: Cryo, Cavitation, RF, HIFU
• Mesotherapy
• Electromagnetic stimulation devices